Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Bone stress injuries are typically overuse injuries associated with repetitive loading of bone and inadequate recovery. A continuum of bone stress injury from periosteal reaction to cortical fracture exists. Intrinsic and extrinsic recognised risk factors have been encapsulated within broader working consensus statements e.g. Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S). There is uncertainty as to the appropriate metabolic work-up for such patients.<p class="abs...

Kallmann’s syndrome (KS) is proposed to result from disrupted migration of both olfactory sensory axons and hypothalamic gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH1) neurons during embryogenesis. KAL1 (encoding anosmin-1) and KAL2 (encoding the fibroblast growth factor receptor 1, FGFR1) are responsible for approximately 20% of KS cases, and in an ex vivo system it has been reported that anosmin-1 enhances FGFR1 signalling in a ligand (FGF)- and heparan su...